pathlib使用学习笔记
pathlib是 Python一个模块，用于处理文件系统路径。它提供了一个面向对象的方式来操作路径，使路径操作更加直观和方便。笔记主要内容如下：
1.安装
>> pip install pathlib
2.路径属性
| 属性 | 描述 |
|---|---|
.name |
文件名(包括后缀)，如果是目录则获取目录名 |
.stem |
文件名，不包含后缀 |
.suffix |
后缀，如，.txt，.jpg，... |
.parent |
父级目录，相当于 cd .. |
.anchor |
最上层目录，如 c:\或 / |
举例说明：
>> python
Python 3.8.10 (default, Nov 7 2024, 13:10:47)
[GCC 9.4.0] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> from pathlib import Path
>>> cwd = Path.cwd()
>>> cwd
PosixPath('/home/mirror/workspace')
>>> file = cwd / 'test.jpg'
>>> file
PosixPath('/home/mirror/workspace/test.jpg')
>>> print(file.name)
test.jpg
>>> print(file.stem)
test
>>> print(file.suffix)
.jpg
>>> print(file.parent)
/home/mirror/workspace
>>> print(file.anchor)
/
3.路径操作
- (1) 路径判断：
is_file()判断是否为文件，is_dir()判断是否为目录
>> python
Python 3.8.10 (default, Nov 7 2024, 13:10:47)
[GCC 9.4.0] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> from pathlib import Path
>>> cwd = Path.cwd()
>>> cwd.is_dir()
True
>>> file = cwd / 'main.py'
>>> file.is_file()
True
- (2) 路径操作：
mkdir()用于创建路径，rmdir()用于删除路径：
>> python
Python 3.8.10 (default, Nov 7 2024, 13:10:47)
[GCC 9.4.0] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> from pathlib import Path
>>> cwd = Path.cwd()
>>> p = cwd / 'test'
>>> p.is_dir()
False
>>> p.mkdir(parents=True)
>>> p.is_dir()
True
>>> p.rmdir()
>>> p.is_dir()
False
- (3) 路径拼接：
Path支持/拼接路径：
>> python
Python 3.8.10 (default, Nov 7 2024, 13:10:47)
[GCC 9.4.0] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> from pathlib import Path
>>> cwd = Path.cwd()
>>> p = cwd / 'dist'
>>> p.is_dir()
True
4.文件操作
- (1) 文件扫描：
glob()只扫描当前路径，rglob()扫描当前路径及所有子路径
>> Python 3.8.10 (default, Nov 7 2024, 13:10:47)
[GCC 9.4.0] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> from pathlib import Path
>>> cwd = Path.cwd()
>>> files = [str(file) for file in cwd.glob('*.py')]
>>> print(files)
['/home/mirror/workspace/python/main.py', '/home/mirror/workspace/python/train.py']
>>> files = [str(file) for file in cwd.rglob('*.py')]
>>> print(files)
['/home/mirror/workspace/python/main.py', '/home/mirror/workspace/python/train.py', '/home/mirror/workspace/python/dist/train.py', '/home/mirror/workspace/python/dist/pyarmor_runtime_000000/__init__.py']
- (2) 文件操作：
touch()用于创建文件，unlink()用于删除文件
>> python
Python 3.8.10 (default, Nov 7 2024, 13:10:47)
[GCC 9.4.0] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> from pathlib import Path
>>> cwd = Path.cwd()
>>> file = cwd / 'test.txt'
>>> file.is_file()
False
>>> file.touch(exist_ok=True)
>>> file.is_file()
True
>>> file.unlink()
>>> file.is_file()
False
5.软链接
symlin_to用于创建指向目标路径的符号链接，也即是说src_path是存在的路径，dst_path是其对应的软链接
>> ls
dist main.py train.py
>> mkdir link
>> python
Python 3.8.10 (default, Nov 7 2024, 13:10:47)
[GCC 9.4.0] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>> from pathlib import Path
>> src_path = Path.cwd() / 'main.py'
>> dst_path = Path.cwd() / 'link/link.py'
>> dst_path.symlink_to(src_path)
6.一些工程技巧
- (1)
python脚本中启动另外一个同级目录的python脚本：
'''
Author: chenjingyu
Date: 2024-12-24 15:38:23
Contact: 2458006466@qq.com
Description: main
'''
import os
from pathlib import Path
curr_path = Path(__file__).parent
if __name__ == '__main__':
cmd = f'python {curr_path}/test.py'
os.system(cmd)
'''
Author: chenjingyu
Date: 2025-01-13 16:11:06
Contact: 2458006466@qq.com
Description: test
'''
if __name__ == '__main__':
print("Hello, World!")
- (2) 将当前路径添加到系统环境变量中，以便包导入：
'''
Author: chenjingyu
Date: 2024-12-24 15:38:23
Contact: 2458006466@qq.com
Description: main
'''
import sys
from pathlib import Path
curr_path = Path(__file__).parent
if str(curr_path) not in sys.path:
sys.path.append(str(curr_path))